Why Global Companies Hire Construction Project Managers from UAE
The United Arab Emirates has established itself as a global construction hub with some of the world’s most ambitious and innovative projects. Construction project managers from the UAE bring several unique advantages to global employers:
- Experience with complex mega-projects: UAE professionals regularly manage large-scale developments like skyscrapers, infrastructure projects, and mixed-use developments.
- Multicultural management expertise: UAE construction sites typically employ workers from dozens of nationalities, making these managers adept at cross-cultural communication.
- Knowledge of advanced construction technologies: The UAE’s emphasis on innovation means local project managers stay current with cutting-edge building methods, BIM integration, and sustainability practices.
- Regulatory expertise: Familiarity with stringent quality, safety, and environmental regulations that often exceed international standards.
- Multilingual capabilities: Most professionals speak English fluently along with Arabic and often additional languages, facilitating international project coordination.
Who Should Consider Hiring UAE Construction Project Managers
Several types of organizations can benefit significantly from bringing UAE construction project management expertise to their teams:
- International developers expanding to Middle East markets: Companies aiming to establish a presence in the MENA region can leverage local expertise to navigate regional business practices and regulations.
- Firms undertaking luxury or high-specification projects: UAE project managers excel in delivering high-end developments with exacting standards and premium finishes.
- Organizations implementing sustainable construction initiatives: The UAE’s focus on green building makes these professionals well-versed in LEED, BREEAM, and other sustainability frameworks.
- Companies managing multi-phase, long-term developments: UAE project managers are experienced in coordinating complex project timelines spanning several years or phases.
- Contractors seeking to improve management of diverse workforces: Organizations can benefit from the cultural sensitivity and team management skills cultivated in the UAE’s multinational environment.
Key Skills and Specializations for Construction Project Managers
UAE-based construction project managers typically possess a diverse skill set that spans technical expertise and management capabilities:
Technical Skills
- Construction methodology and sequencing
- Building Information Modeling (BIM) and digital construction
- Contract administration and procurement management
- Cost estimation and budget control
- Quality assurance systems
- Health, safety, and environmental (HSE) management
Management Skills
- Resource allocation and optimization
- Risk assessment and mitigation
- Stakeholder management and communication
- Dispute resolution
- Time management and critical path scheduling
Common Specializations
| Specialization | Typical Projects | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| High-rise Development | Residential and commercial towers, mixed-use skyscrapers | Vertical transportation expertise, façade knowledge, structural coordination |
| Infrastructure | Roads, bridges, utilities, airports, ports | Civil engineering background, government liaison experience |
| Hospitality | Hotels, resorts, tourism facilities | FF&E coordination, operational handover expertise |
| Sustainable Development | Green buildings, energy-efficient structures | LEED/BREEAM certification, knowledge of renewable technologies |
| Oil & Gas Facilities | Refineries, processing plants, distribution centers | Specialized safety knowledge, industrial construction expertise |
Experience Levels of UAE Construction Project Managers
Junior Level (2-5 years)
Junior construction project managers in the UAE typically hold engineering or construction management degrees and have begun to take on management responsibilities. They usually:
- Manage smaller projects or portions of larger developments
- Handle day-to-day site coordination and reporting
- Work under the supervision of more experienced managers
- Have obtained initial professional certifications like CAPM
- Possess good technical knowledge but are still developing leadership skills
Mid-Level (5-10 years)
Mid-level construction project managers have established themselves in the industry and bring substantial practical experience:
- Lead medium-sized projects independently
- Manage teams of 15-30 professionals across multiple disciplines
- Handle project budgets ranging from $10-50 million
- Hold recognized certifications such as PMP or MRICS
- Demonstrate proficiency in managing project risks and client relationships
- Can adapt international standards to local requirements
Senior Level (10+ years)
Senior construction project managers in the UAE represent the industry’s elite with comprehensive expertise:
- Oversee large-scale, complex projects often exceeding $100 million
- Manage multiple project teams or entire programs
- Navigate complex stakeholder environments involving government entities
- Hold advanced certifications and often post-graduate qualifications
- Contribute to strategic decisions beyond project execution
- Possess extensive professional networks within the regional industry
- May specialize in niche sectors requiring specific expertise
Hiring Models to Choose From
When hiring construction project managers in the UAE, companies can choose from several engagement models, each with distinct advantages:
| Hiring Model | Best For | Advantages | Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Direct Employment | Long-term projects, permanent UAE presence | Full control, company loyalty, consistent standards | Requires local entity, visa sponsorship, end-of-service benefits |
| Contract/Freelance | Short-term projects, specialized expertise | Flexibility, reduced long-term commitments, specialized skills | Higher hourly/daily rates, integration challenges, visa requirements |
| Staff Augmentation | Expanding existing teams, filling skill gaps | Quick onboarding, flexibility to scale, reduced hiring burden | Premium costs, potential quality variance, relationship management |
| Project-Based Consultancy | Advisory roles, specialized oversight | High expertise, defined deliverables, limited commitment | Less direct control, potentially limited site presence |
| Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) | Establishing UAE construction divisions | Local expertise, gradual transition, reduced startup risks | Complex agreements, longer timeline, partnership management |
The UAE construction sector offers considerable flexibility in hiring arrangements, but each model carries specific legal and compliance requirements. Companies should evaluate their project timeline, budget constraints, and long-term regional strategy when selecting the appropriate hiring model. For those seeking specialized talent without establishing a legal entity, partnering with staff augmentation companies in the UAE can provide access to qualified construction project managers while ensuring compliance.
How to Legally Hire Construction Project Managers in UAE
Hiring construction project managers in the UAE requires navigating specific legal frameworks. Companies generally have two main options:
Option 1: Setting Up a Legal Entity
Establishing a company presence in the UAE through:
- UAE mainland company (requires local sponsor with 51% ownership)
- Free zone company (100% foreign ownership possible)
- Branch office of foreign company
This approach involves:
- Company registration costs and procedures
- Office space requirements
- Visa allocation and sponsorship responsibilities
- Labor law compliance obligations
- Ongoing administrative and reporting requirements
Companies planning long-term UAE operations may find value in registering a business in the UAE to build local presence and credibility.
Option 2: Using an Employer of Record (EOR) Solution
An Employer of Record in UAE handles all employment compliance, allowing companies to hire UAE construction project managers without establishing a local entity. The EOR:
- Acts as the legal employer and handles visa sponsorship
- Manages payroll, benefits, and tax compliance
- Ensures adherence to UAE labor laws
- Facilitates onboarding and local HR support
- Provides risk mitigation for employment-related issues
Asanify’s EOR services enable companies to hire UAE construction talent quickly while maintaining full compliance with local regulations.
Comparison of Hiring Methods
| Aspect | Setting Up Entity | Using EOR (like Asanify) |
|---|---|---|
| Setup Time | 2-6 months | Days to weeks |
| Setup Costs | $10,000-50,000+ | No setup costs |
| Ongoing Administrative Burden | High (compliance, reporting, etc.) | Minimal (managed by EOR) |
| Employment Liability | Full employer responsibility | Mitigated through EOR |
| Flexibility to Scale | Limited by visa quotas | Highly flexible |
| Best For | Long-term regional strategy | Market testing, project-based needs, fast deployment |
For construction companies requiring rapid deployment of project management expertise in the UAE without the complexity of establishing a legal entity, an Employer of Record solution like Asanify provides the most efficient path to compliant hiring.
Step-by-Step Guide to Hiring Construction Project Managers in UAE
Step 1: Define Your Requirements
Begin by clearly articulating what you need in a construction project manager:
- Project type and scope (residential, commercial, infrastructure)
- Required technical specializations (high-rise, infrastructure, etc.)
- Experience level and leadership requirements
- Essential certifications (PMP, LEED AP, RICS)
- Language requirements (Arabic proficiency level)
- Project duration and expected start date
Step 2: Select the Appropriate Hiring Model
Based on your project timeline and company strategy:
- Assess whether you need a permanent or project-based hire
- Determine if you’ll hire directly or use a staffing partner
- Consider whether an Employer of Record model fits your needs
- Evaluate cost implications of different models
Step 3: Source Qualified Candidates
UAE construction talent can be sourced through various channels:
- Industry-specific job boards (GulfTalent, Bayt, Construction Week Jobs)
- Professional networks (LinkedIn, construction industry associations)
- Recruitment agencies specializing in construction
- University alumni networks from leading engineering schools
- Industry events and conferences
Step 4: Evaluate Candidates Thoroughly
Construction project management requires rigorous assessment:
- Review portfolios of completed projects
- Verify professional certifications and qualifications
- Conduct technical interviews with scenario-based questions
- Check references from previous employers/clients
- Assess cultural fit and communication skills
- Consider practical assessments or case studies
Step 5: Onboard and Integrate
Proper onboarding ensures project managers can be effective quickly:
- Complete legal requirements (visa processing, work permits)
- Provide comprehensive project documentation
- Facilitate introductions to key stakeholders and team members
- Establish clear reporting structures and communication protocols
- Set up performance metrics and review processes
For simplified hiring, Asanify’s Human Resource Management System Dubai streamlines the entire process, from initial onboarding through ongoing management, ensuring full compliance with UAE regulations while providing a smooth experience for both employers and construction professionals.
Salary Benchmarks
Construction project manager salaries in the UAE vary based on experience, project type, and employing organization. Below are representative monthly salary ranges (in AED) for 2025:
| Experience Level | Monthly Salary Range (AED) | Annual Salary Range (AED) | Additional Benefits |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junior (2-5 years) | 15,000 – 25,000 | 180,000 – 300,000 | Basic health insurance, transportation allowance |
| Mid-Level (5-10 years) | 25,000 – 40,000 | 300,000 – 480,000 | Enhanced health insurance, housing allowance, annual flights |
| Senior (10+ years) | 40,000 – 70,000+ | 480,000 – 840,000+ | Comprehensive benefits package, education allowance, performance bonuses |
Factors Affecting Compensation
- Project Value: Managers handling higher-value projects typically command higher salaries
- Sector Specialization: Oil & gas and infrastructure specialists often earn premium rates
- Professional Certifications: PMP, RICS, and specialized certifications increase earning potential
- Employer Type: International firms often pay higher than local companies
- Project Location: Remote or challenging project locations may include hardship allowances
Additional Compensation Considerations
Beyond base salary, construction project managers in the UAE typically receive:
- End-of-service benefits (mandatory under UAE labor law)
- Transportation or car allowance
- Housing allowance or provided accommodation
- Health insurance (mandatory in UAE)
- Annual home leave and flight tickets
- Project completion bonuses (common for large developments)
Note that the UAE’s tax-free income policy makes the net compensation particularly attractive compared to many other countries, although this should be evaluated alongside the high cost of living in major UAE cities.
What Skills to Look for When Hiring Construction Project Managers
Technical Skills
- Construction Methodology Expertise: Deep understanding of construction techniques relevant to UAE projects
- Technical Documentation: Ability to interpret and manage complex construction drawings and specifications
- Software Proficiency: Experience with project management software (Primavera P6, MS Project), BIM tools (Revit, Navisworks), and document control systems
- Cost Management: Skills in estimation, budgeting, value engineering, and financial reporting
- Quality Control Systems: Knowledge of quality assurance processes and international standards (ISO)
- HSE Management: Understanding of safety protocols, especially UAE-specific requirements
- Contract Administration: Experience with FIDIC and other standard contract forms common in the UAE
Soft Skills
- Multicultural Leadership: Ability to manage diverse teams common in UAE construction
- Stakeholder Management: Skills in managing relationships with clients, authorities, and subcontractors
- Communication: Clear and effective communication across different organizational levels
- Problem-Solving: Creative approaches to overcoming project challenges
- Decision-Making: Confident and timely decision-making under pressure
- Negotiation: Ability to negotiate with vendors, subcontractors, and authorities
- Adaptability: Flexibility to adjust to changing project requirements and market conditions
UAE-Specific Knowledge
- Local Building Codes: Familiarity with UAE building regulations and municipality requirements
- Cultural Understanding: Awareness of business etiquette and cultural considerations
- Authority Procedures: Knowledge of approval processes with relevant authorities
- Local Market Conditions: Understanding of local supply chains and procurement practices
- Sustainable Building Standards: Familiarity with Estidama, Dubai Green Building Regulations, or LEED Gulf
Certifications to Value
- Project Management Professional (PMP)
- RICS Professional Membership
- Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) membership
- LEED Accredited Professional
- Estidama Pearl Qualified Professional
- NEBOSH or OSHA safety certifications
Legal and Compliance Considerations
Hiring construction project managers in the UAE requires adherence to specific legal frameworks and compliance requirements:
Labor Laws and Employment Regulations
- UAE Labor Law: All employment relationships are governed by Federal Labor Law No. 33 of 2021, which outlines rights and obligations
- Employment Contracts: Must comply with Ministry of Human Resources & Emiratisation (MOHRE) standards
- Working Hours: Standard 8-hour workday, with special provisions for construction during summer months
- End of Service Benefits: Mandatory gratuity based on length of service
- Probation Periods: Legally capped at 6 months
Understanding labour laws in UAE is essential for compliant hiring and management of construction professionals.
Visa and Immigration Requirements
- Work Permits: Required for all expatriate employees
- Residency Visa: Employer must sponsor employee residency
- Educational Attestation: Professional qualifications must be authenticated
- Emirates ID: Mandatory identification for all residents
- Health Insurance: Mandatory employer-provided health coverage
Industry-Specific Requirements
- Municipality Registrations: Some emirates require project managers to be registered with local authorities
- Professional Memberships: Certain roles may require registration with professional bodies
- Health and Safety Compliance: Project managers must ensure site compliance with safety regulations
- Project Permits: Knowledge of necessary approvals and permits for construction activities
Taxation and Financial Considerations
- Corporate Tax: Recently introduced UAE corporate tax (effective from 2023)
- Value Added Tax (VAT): 5% standard rate with implications for project budgets
- Personal Income Tax: Currently no personal income tax in UAE
- Social Security: Required for UAE nationals but not expatriates
Managing Compliance Risks
Navigating these complex requirements can be challenging for foreign companies. An Employer of Record solution like Asanify manages these compliance aspects by:
- Ensuring all employment contracts meet UAE legal standards
- Handling visa processing and renewals
- Managing mandatory benefits and insurance requirements
- Staying current with regulatory changes
- Providing guidance on construction-specific compliance issues
Common Challenges Global Employers Face
Companies hiring construction project managers in the UAE often encounter several distinct challenges:
1. Regulatory Complexity
The UAE’s regulatory environment includes multiple layers of federal, emirate, and free zone regulations that can be difficult to navigate:
- Different rules across various emirates and free zones
- Frequent regulatory updates requiring constant monitoring
- Complex documentation requirements and approval processes
- Need for specialized legal knowledge in construction regulations
2. Cultural and Communication Differences
The multicultural nature of UAE construction creates unique management challenges:
- Diverse teams with varying work approaches and expectations
- Different communication styles and potential language barriers
- Varying holiday schedules and religious observances
- Distinct business etiquette and relationship-building practices
3. Talent Retention in a Competitive Market
The UAE construction sector is highly competitive for talent:
- Frequent job-hopping among professionals seeking better opportunities
- Salary inflation due to competition for experienced managers
- Project-based nature of work creating employment instability
- Relocation challenges affecting long-term retention
4. Administrative Burden
Employment in the UAE involves substantial paperwork and processes:
- Visa sponsorship and processing complexities
- Documentation requirements for professional qualifications
- Ongoing compliance reporting obligations
- Employee housing and transportation arrangements
5. Remote Management Challenges
For global companies managing UAE-based construction projects:
- Time zone differences complicating communication
- Challenges in maintaining company culture across distances
- Difficulties in performance monitoring and quality control
- Complex reporting structures between global and local teams
These challenges can be significantly mitigated by partnering with an experienced Employer of Record like Asanify, which specializes in UAE employment solutions. Asanify handles the complex compliance and administrative aspects of employing construction professionals, allowing companies to focus on project delivery while ensuring all legal requirements are met.
Best Practices for Managing Remote Construction Project Managers in UAE
Successfully managing construction project managers in the UAE, especially when overseeing them from abroad, requires specific strategies:
Effective Communication
- Regular Structured Check-ins: Establish consistent meeting schedules that accommodate time zone differences
- Communication Platforms: Implement robust project management and communication tools (BIM 360, Procore, Microsoft Teams)
- Visual Documentation: Utilize photo/video reporting to maintain visual awareness of site progress
- Clear Documentation Standards: Establish standardized reporting templates and documentation protocols
- Cultural Communication Awareness: Recognize and adapt to different communication styles
Performance Management
- Objective KPIs: Develop clear, measurable performance indicators specific to construction milestones
- Regular Progress Reviews: Conduct structured performance discussions beyond daily operational updates
- Balanced Scorecards: Evaluate performance across multiple dimensions (schedule, quality, safety, team management)
- 360-Degree Feedback: Gather input from stakeholders, subcontractors, and team members
- Recognition Programs: Acknowledge achievements and milestones to maintain motivation
Technology Integration
- Real-time Project Dashboards: Implement digital tools that provide live project status visibility
- Cloud-based Document Management: Ensure all project documentation is accessible to global teams
- Mobile Reporting Tools: Enable on-site data collection and reporting through mobile applications
- Virtual Site Walks: Use 360-degree cameras or drone footage for remote site monitoring
- Digital Twin Technology: Consider advanced BIM integration to create digital representations of physical projects
Cultural Integration
- Cross-cultural Training: Provide education on UAE business practices and cultural norms
- Integration Events: Create opportunities for remote and local teams to build relationships
- Mentorship Programs: Pair UAE managers with experienced company leaders
- Respect for Local Practices: Accommodate religious observances and local customs
- Global-Local Balance: Blend company standards with locally effective approaches
Risk Management
- Proactive Issue Identification: Establish early warning systems for potential problems
- Delegation Guidelines: Clear frameworks for local decision-making authority
- Contingency Planning: Develop backup strategies for critical project components
- Documentation Discipline: Maintain comprehensive records for potential disputes
- Regular Risk Reviews: Schedule dedicated sessions focused on emerging risks
Why Use Asanify to Hire Construction Project Managers in UAE
Asanify offers a comprehensive solution for companies looking to hire and manage construction project managers in the UAE without establishing a legal entity:
Simplified Hiring Without Legal Complexity
- Hire construction talent in days rather than months
- No need to establish a local entity or navigate complex company setup procedures
- Eliminate the need for local sponsorship arrangements
- Reduce setup costs by up to 85% compared to entity establishment
Full Compliance Management
- 100% compliance with UAE labor laws and regulations
- Expertly drafted employment contracts that meet all legal requirements
- Management of visa applications, renewals, and government relations
- Ongoing monitoring of regulatory changes affecting employment
- Mitigated legal risks through proper documentation and procedures
Comprehensive HR and Payroll Support
- Fully managed payroll processing in compliance with UAE standards
- Administration of construction industry-standard benefits
- End-of-service benefit calculation and processing
- Time and attendance tracking systems suitable for construction schedules
- Employee onboarding and documentation management
Specialized Construction Industry Knowledge
- Understanding of construction-specific employment requirements
- Experience with project-based employment structures
- Familiarity with construction certifications and qualifications
- Knowledge of site-based work arrangements and HSE requirements
Scalability and Flexibility
- Easily scale your UAE construction team up or down based on project needs
- Convert project-based roles to permanent positions seamlessly
- Transition between different emirates or project locations
- Adjust employment terms as projects evolve
By partnering with Asanify, companies can focus on their core construction operations while leaving the complexities of UAE employment compliance to dedicated experts. This approach minimizes risk, accelerates deployment, and optimizes cost structures for construction projects of all sizes.
FAQs: Hiring Construction Project Managers in UAE
What qualifications should a construction project manager in the UAE have?
Construction project managers in the UAE typically need a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering, construction management, or a related field. Professional certifications such as PMP, RICS, or CIOB membership are highly valued. For senior positions, a master’s degree and 10+ years of experience are often expected. UAE experience is particularly valuable due to familiarity with local regulations and construction practices.
What is the average salary for construction project managers in the UAE?
Mid-level construction project managers in the UAE typically earn between AED 25,000-40,000 monthly (approximately USD 6,800-10,900), while senior managers with 10+ years of experience can command AED 40,000-70,000+ monthly (USD 10,900-19,000+). Packages usually include housing allowance, transportation, and health insurance.
Do I need to establish a company in the UAE to hire construction project managers?
No, you don’t need to establish a company in the UAE to hire construction project managers. You can utilize an Employer of Record (EOR) service like Asanify, which legally employs professionals on your behalf while you maintain day-to-day management. This approach eliminates the need for entity setup while ensuring full compliance with UAE employment laws.
How long does it take to hire a construction project manager in the UAE?
The hiring timeline varies based on your approach. Direct hiring typically takes 30-60 days from job posting to onboarding. When using an EOR like Asanify, you can identify candidates through your own channels or recruitment partners, and the EOR can complete the employment and visa process in 2-4 weeks, significantly faster than establishing your own entity.
What visa type do construction project managers need in the UAE?
Construction project managers typically require an Employment Visa (Work Permit) sponsored by their employer. For highly qualified managers, this is usually processed under professional or engineering categories. The visa process includes medical testing, Emirates ID application, and residence visa stamping. An EOR handles this entire process for companies without a UAE entity.
How do UAE construction regulations differ from other countries?
UAE construction regulations often exceed international standards in areas like fire safety, sustainability, and structural requirements. Each emirate maintains its own building codes, with Dubai and Abu Dhabi having the most comprehensive frameworks. Construction project managers must navigate municipality approvals, consultant certifications, and strict inspection regimes that can differ significantly from Western practices.
What are the main challenges in managing construction projects in the UAE?
Key challenges include navigating the multi-tiered regulatory environment, managing multicultural teams with varying work approaches, addressing potential language barriers, dealing with extreme weather conditions (especially summer heat), coordinating with government authorities for approvals, and managing supply chain logistics in a region dependent on imports for many materials.
Are there any cultural considerations when hiring in the UAE construction sector?
Yes, cultural awareness is crucial. The UAE construction sector is highly multicultural, with professionals from around the world. Understanding Islamic work practices (like prayer times and Ramadan adjustments), appreciating hierarchical communication styles, recognizing the importance of relationship-building, and respecting local business etiquette are all important for successful integration.
How can I ensure my construction project manager complies with UAE labor laws?
To ensure compliance, use legally valid employment contracts that adhere to Ministry of Human Resources & Emiratisation (MOHRE) standards, provide mandatory benefits including health insurance and end-of-service gratuity, respect working hour limitations (especially during summer), and maintain proper visa sponsorship. An EOR like Asanify manages all these compliance aspects professionally.
What technology platforms are commonly used in UAE construction management?
UAE construction projects typically utilize advanced technology platforms. Common software includes Primavera P6 and MS Project for scheduling, BIM applications like Revit and Navisworks for design coordination, Procore or Aconex for project management, Power BI for analytics, and specialized tools for quality control and safety management. Project managers should be proficient with these digital tools.
Can construction project managers work remotely or is site presence required?
While some administrative aspects can be handled remotely, effective construction project management in the UAE generally requires significant on-site presence. The hands-on nature of construction supervision, frequent stakeholder meetings, authority inspections, and the need to address site issues immediately make physical presence essential, though hybrid arrangements with some remote work are becoming more common for specific functions.
What benefits packages are standard for UAE construction project managers?
Standard benefits packages include basic salary, housing allowance (or provided accommodation), transportation allowance or company vehicle, comprehensive health insurance, annual flight tickets to home country, 30 calendar days of annual leave, and end-of-service benefits as mandated by UAE labor law. Senior managers may also receive education allowances for children, club memberships, and performance bonuses.
Conclusion
Hiring construction project managers in the UAE offers global companies access to professionals with exceptional experience in managing complex, large-scale projects in one of the world’s most dynamic construction markets. These professionals bring valuable expertise in multicultural team leadership, advanced construction technologies, and navigating complex regulatory environments.
While the process involves navigating specific regulatory requirements and cultural considerations, the right hiring approach can significantly simplify the process. Companies have multiple options, from establishing a local entity to using an Employer of Record solution that eliminates the need for company formation while ensuring full compliance.
For organizations seeking flexibility, reduced administrative burden, and faster deployment, an Employer of Record like Asanify provides a comprehensive solution that handles the complex legal aspects of employment while allowing companies to focus on their core construction operations. This approach is particularly valuable for project-based needs, market entry strategies, or companies testing the UAE market before establishing a permanent presence.
By understanding the unique characteristics of the UAE construction environment and implementing appropriate hiring and management strategies, global companies can successfully leverage local talent to deliver exceptional projects in this dynamic market.
Not to be considered as tax, legal, financial or HR advice. Regulations change over time so please consult a lawyer, accountant or Labour Law expert for specific guidance.
