Organizational decentralization refers to distributing decision-making power to lower or middle levels of management. Instead of central authority controlling all decisions, managers and teams are given more autonomy. This approach improves flexibility, faster decision-making, and employee involvement.
An organization tree is a graphical representation of a company’s structure. It displays reporting relationships, job roles, and departmental hierarchy. This chart helps employees understand authority levels and communication flow within the organization.
A one on one session is a scheduled meeting between a manager and an employee. It provides an opportunity to discuss performance, challenges, goals, and professional growth. Regular one on one sessions help build trust, improve communication, and enhance employee engagement.
The objectives of an HR audit are to review and assess the effectiveness of HR policies, procedures, and practices. It ensures compliance with labor laws and organizational standards. An HR audit also identifies gaps and recommends improvements for better performance and strategic alignment.
A muster roll is a document or register that records employee attendance and work details. It includes information such as employee names, days worked, and wages payable. Organizations use muster rolls to maintain accurate payroll and comply with labor regulations.
The Minimum Wages Act, 1948 is a labor law that fixes the minimum wage employers must pay workers in certain sectors. It aims to prevent exploitation and ensure fair compensation. Governments revise minimum wage rates periodically based on economic conditions.
A lateral move is when an employee shifts to another position within the organization at the same job level. It usually does not involve a promotion or pay raise. Lateral moves help employees gain new skills and broaden their experience.
A labour union is an association of employees formed to safeguard their rights and interests. It represents workers in negotiations with employers regarding wages, benefits, and working conditions. Labour unions play a key role in collective bargaining and workplace dispute resolution.
Under labour law, bonuses are additional payments made to employees beyond their regular wages. Common types include minimum bonus, maximum bonus, statutory bonus, and performance-based bonus. These bonuses are governed by legal regulations to ensure fair employee compensation.
Job enrichment is concerned with enhancing a job by adding more responsibility, autonomy, and challenging tasks. It focuses on improving employee motivation and job satisfaction. By making work more meaningful, organizations can boost performance and engagement.
International Organization for Standardization developed ISO 9000 as a family of quality management standards. It provides guidelines for establishing effective quality management systems (QMS). Organizations use ISO 9000 standards to improve processes, ensure consistent quality, and enhance customer satisfaction.
An interview schedule is a planned timetable for conducting candidate interviews. It includes details such as date, time, interview format, interviewer names, and candidate information. A clear interview schedule ensures a smooth and organized recruitment process.
Internal Job Posting (IJP) is a hiring method where open positions are first announced to current employees. It allows staff members to apply for new roles, promotions, or transfers within the company. IJP supports career growth, employee retention, and internal talent development.
The In Basket Technique is a performance assessment tool used in HRM to evaluate decision-making and time management skills. Candidates are given a set of simulated emails, memos, or tasks to prioritize and resolve. It helps measure managerial and problem-solving abilities in realistic work scenarios.
Total Quality Management (TQM) is important because it focuses on continuous improvement in products, services, and processes. It enhances customer satisfaction by maintaining high-quality standards. TQM also encourages employee involvement and long-term organizational success.
Tax is important because it provides revenue for the government to fund public services such as healthcare, education, defense, and infrastructure. It supports economic development and social welfare programs. Paying taxes also helps maintain financial stability and national growth.
SHRM means Strategic Human Resource Management. It integrates HR practices such as recruitment, training, and performance management with organizational goals. This strategic alignment helps improve productivity, employee engagement, and long-term business success.
An aptitude test in Human Resource Management (HRM) evaluates a candidate’s natural abilities such as logical reasoning, numerical skills, and problem-solving. It helps employers predict job performance and suitability for a role. These tests support objective and data-driven hiring decisions.
Quality Management refers to the process of maintaining and improving the quality of products or services. It involves setting standards, monitoring performance, and making continuous improvements. Effective quality management increases customer satisfaction and organizational efficiency.
Organizational Development (OD) is important because it helps improve overall performance and efficiency. It supports effective change management, strengthens workplace culture, and enhances employee engagement. OD enables organizations to adapt, grow, and remain competitive in a dynamic environment.